As critical national infrastructure, the structural failure of dams can lead to catastrophic flooding. Modern monitoring systems serve as an integrated "neural network" embedded within the dam structure, transforming traditional passive defense into proactive risk management through real-time sensing-analysis-warning closed-loop control. This enables early risk identification (e.g., 0.1mm-scale crack propagation, sudden seepage anomalies) and timely intervention before structural instability occurs, minimizing the risk of dam failure and ensuring operational safety. Frequent extreme weather events and aging hydraulic infrastructure have led to increasing safety risks in dam structures.The traditional manual monitoring methods are limited by poor timing, fragmented information, and delayed alerts. They do not meet the modern management needs. This solution uses a collaborative architecture that integrates multi-source sensors, intelligent communication networks and cloud-based analytical platforms to create a real-time whole-process monitoring system. It improves emergency response and dam health assessment capabilities, moving towards the goal of "digital water conservation."
Subsystems
- Integrated Rainfall & Water Level Station
- Visual-Audio Broadcast Station
- Seepage Pressure & Flow Monitoring Station
- Transmission & Platform Layer
Core Components of Dam Safety Monitoring Systems
1. Structural Integrity Monitoring
Deformation Tracking
- GPS Positioning Array: Installed along the dam crest and slopes, achieving ±2mm horizontal / ±5mm vertical accuracy (enhanced by BeiDou-3).
- GNSS displacement monitoring: Distributed along high-stress zones, detecting 0.05mm crack openings (
Alert threshold: 0.3mm/s expansion rate).
2. Hydrological Parameter Surveillance
Reservoir Water Level Monitoring
- Piezoresistive level sensor/80 GHz Radar Level Sensor: Non-contact measurement with 0–40m range and ±1mm accuracy (
Support customized).
Seepage Flow Measurement
- Water weir: Installed in drainage galleries, detecting 0.01L/s flow variations.
Uplift Pressure Detection
- Piezometer psmometer Array: Embedded behind cutoff walls to monitor pore pressure (0–2MPa range, 0.1% F.S. accuracy). (
Construction critical: Installed during grouting to verify anti-seepage performance).
3. Environmental Risk Early Warning
Precipitation Monitoring
- Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge: 0.2mm resolution, triggering flood control protocols at >50mm/h intensity.
Meteorological Station Network
- Measures wind speed/direction, temperature, humidity, and integrates with hydrological models to predict reservoir evaporation impacts.
System Features & Advantages
- Multi-Source Sensing Synergy
- High-Reliability Communication & Edge Computing
- Intelligent Tiered Alerting
- Environmental Adaptability & Low-Power Design